VOS3000 SIP Session Timer: Complete Keep-Alive & Session Management Guide
VOS3000 SIP session timer is essential for maintaining reliable VoIP calls and preventing “zombie calls” that waste resources. By implementing RFC 4028 session timers and NAT keep-alive mechanisms, VOS3000 ensures that active calls are properly monitored and terminated calls are detected quickly. This comprehensive guide covers all session timer and keep-alive features based on official VOS3000 2.1.9.07 documentation.
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Table of ContentsVOS3000 SIP Session Timer: Complete Keep-Alive & Session Management Guide Understanding VOS3000 SIP Session Timer Why Session Timers Matter VOS3000 SIP Session Timer Parameters Core Session Timer Parameters How Session Timer Works (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) NAT Keep-Alive Configuration NAT Keep-Alive Parameters (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) NAT Keep-Alive Operation Session Timer Configuration Guide (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) Recommended Parameter Values Configuration Steps Common Session Timer Problems Problem Diagnosis Table (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) Troubleshooting Session Timer Issues Session Timer vs NAT Keep-Alive (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) Related Resources (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer) Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat happens if both endpoints don’t support session timer?Why are my calls dropping at exactly 30 seconds?Should I use re-INVITE or UPDATE for session refresh?What is a good SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL value?How do I know if NAT keep-alive is working? Get Expert Help with VOS3000 Session Timer Need Professional VOS3000 Setup Support?
Understanding VOS3000 SIP Session Timer
Reference: VOS3000 2.1.9.07 Manual, Section 4.1.3 (Page 213)
The SIP Session Timer, defined in RFC 4028, provides a mechanism to detect failed calls that would otherwise remain “hung” in the system. Without session timers, calls that lose one-way audio or have endpoint failures may continue to exist in the system, consuming resources and potentially causing billing errors.
Why Session Timers Matter
ProblemWithout Session TimerWith Session TimerZombie CallsCalls remain active indefinitely after endpoint failureFailed endpoints detected, calls cleaned upResource WasteSystem resources consumed by dead sessionsResources freed when session expiresBilling ErrorsIncorrect long-duration billing for dead callsAccurate call termination timingNAT IssuesNAT bindings expire causing call dropsKeep-alive maintains NAT bindings
VOS3000 SIP Session Timer Parameters
Reference: VOS3000 2.1.9.07 Manual, Section 4.3.5.2 (Page 230-231)
Core Session Timer Parameters
ParameterDefaultRangeDescriptionSS_SIP_SESSION_TTL600secondsDetecting SIP connected status intervalSS_SIP_SESSION_UPDATE_SEGMENT22-10SIP timer re-INVITE/UPDATE interval segmentSS_SIP_SESSION_TIMEOUT_EARLY_HANGUP0secondsSession timer early hangup before timeoutSS_SIP_NO_TIMER_REINVITE_INTERVAL7200secondsMax conversation time for non-timer SIP caller
How Session Timer Works (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
VOS3000 SIP Session Timer Operation:================================1. Call Establishment: – INVITE with Session-Expires header (if supported) – VOS3000 records session timer requirements2. Session Refresh: – Re-INVITE or UPDATE sent at regular intervals – Interval = SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL / SS_SIP_SESSION_UPDATE_SEGMENT – Default: 600 / 2 = 300 seconds (5 minutes)3. Session Monitoring: – If refresh fails, session is considered dead – Call is terminated after timeout – CDR updated with proper end reason4. Non-Timer Endpoints: – For SIP endpoints without timer support – VOS3000 uses SS_SIP_NO_TIMER_REINVITE_INTERVAL – Default 7200 seconds (2 hours) maximum call durationExample Flow with SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL = 600:===========================================Time 0:00 – Call establishedTime 5:00 – Re-INVITE/UPDATE sent (refresh attempt)Time 5:01 – 200 OK received (refresh successful)Time 10:00 – Re-INVITE/UPDATE sentTime 10:01 – 200 OK received…continues for duration of callIf refresh fails:Time 10:00 – Re-INVITE/UPDATE sentTime 10:30 – No response (timeout)Time 10:30 – Call terminatedTime 10:30 – CDR records “Session timeout”
NAT Keep-Alive Configuration
Reference: VOS3000 2.1.9.07 Manual, Section 4.1.2 (Page 212-213)
NAT keep-alive ensures that NAT bindings remain active for devices behind NAT devices. Without proper keep-alive, incoming calls may fail because the NAT mapping has expired.
NAT Keep-Alive Parameters (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
ParameterDefaultRangeDescriptionSS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_MESSAGEHELLOtextContent of NAT keep-alive messageSS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD3010-86400 secNAT keep-alive message sending periodSS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_SEND_INTERVAL500msInterval between sending keep-alivesSS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_SEND_ONE_TIME3000countNumber of keep-alive messages per batch
NAT Keep-Alive Operation
VOS3000 NAT Keep-Alive Mechanism:
==================================
Purpose:
========
When devices are behind NAT, the NAT device maintains a mapping table.
If no traffic passes through for a period (typically 30-300 seconds),
the NAT mapping expires, and incoming calls cannot reach the device.
How It Works:
=============
1. Device registers with VOS3000
2. VOS3000 records device IP and port
3. VOS3000 sends periodic keep-alive messages
4. Keep-alive traffic maintains NAT mapping
5. Incoming calls can reach the device
Configuration Example:
======================
SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_MESSAGE = “HELLO”
SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD = 30 (seconds)
VOS3000 sends “HELLO” to registered devices every 30 seconds.
Important Notes:
================
– If SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_MESSAGE is empty, keep-alive is disabled
– Period should be less than NAT device timeout (typically 60 seconds)
– For large deployments, adjust SEND_INTERVAL and SEND_ONE_TIME
Usage Scenarios:
================
1. Normal Registration: Device maintains registration via REGISTER
2. Non-REGISTER Devices: VOS3000 sends UDP keep-alive
3. Symmetric NAT: May require media proxy instead
Session Timer Configuration Guide (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
Recommended Parameter Values
ScenarioSS_SIP_SESSION_TTLSS_SIP_NO_TIMER_REINVITE_INTERVALNAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIODStandard VoIP600 (10 min)7200 (2 hours)30 secondsCall Center900 (15 min)14400 (4 hours)20 secondsWholesale600 (10 min)0 (disabled)30 secondsMobile/Unstable300 (5 min)3600 (1 hour)15 seconds
Configuration Steps
Step-by-Step Session Timer Configuration:
==========================================
1. Navigate to System Parameters:
Navigation > Operation management > Softswitch management
> Additional settings > System parameter
2. Configure Session Timer:
Find: SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL
Set: 600 (or desired value in seconds)
3. Configure Update Segment:
Find: SS_SIP_SESSION_UPDATE_SEGMENT
Set: 2 (refresh interval = TTL/segment)
4. Configure NAT Keep-Alive:
Find: SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_MESSAGE
Set: HELLO (or custom message)
Find: SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD
Set: 30 (seconds between keep-alives)
5. Apply Changes:
Click Apply to save configuration
6. Verify Settings:
Check CDR for session timeout behavior
Monitor for 30-second call drops
Important: Changes require softswitch service restart
to take effect in some cases.
Common Session Timer Problems
Problem Diagnosis Table (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
SymptomPossible CauseSolutionCalls drop at 30 secondsNAT binding timeout, SIP ALG issueDisable SIP ALG, increase NAT keep-aliveCalls drop at specific intervalsSession timer negotiation failureCheck session timer support, adjust TTLNo incoming calls after idleNAT binding expiredEnable NAT keep-alive, reduce periodSession timer errors in traceEndpoint doesn’t support RFC 4028Use SS_SIP_NO_TIMER_REINVITE_INTERVALRe-INVITE rejected by endpointEndpoint doesn’t support re-INVITETry UPDATE method, check endpoint config
Troubleshooting Session Timer Issues
Session Timer Troubleshooting Checklist:
=========================================
1. Check Debug Trace:
System > Debug trace > Enable
Look for re-INVITE or UPDATE messages
Check for 200 OK responses
2. Verify Endpoint Support:
– Check if endpoint includes “timer” in Supported header
– Look for Session-Expires in INVITE/200 OK
– Verify endpoint responds to session refresh
3. Check NAT Configuration:
– Verify NAT keep-alive is enabled
– Check SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD
– Monitor for NAT binding expiration
4. Analyze CDR:
– Check termination reason for session timeouts
– Look for patterns in call drop timing
– Compare with session timer configuration
5. Test Different Scenarios:
– Test calls from different networks
– Test with different endpoints
– Test with/without media proxy
Common Fixes:
=============
– Increase SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL for longer refresh intervals
– Reduce SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD for aggressive keep-alive
– Disable SIP ALG on routers
– Enable media proxy for NAT scenarios
Session Timer vs NAT Keep-Alive (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
Understanding the difference between session timer and NAT keep-alive is important for proper configuration:
AspectSession TimerNAT Keep-AlivePurposeDetect failed calls, prevent zombie callsMaintain NAT bindings for incoming callsProtocolSIP re-INVITE/UPDATEUDP packets or SIP messagesDirectionBoth directions (refresh negotiation)Server to client (keep binding active)Default Interval600 seconds (10 minutes)30 secondsWhen ActiveDuring active callDuring registration periodRFC ReferenceRFC 4028NAT traversal best practices
Related Resources (VOS3000 SIP Session Timer)
VOS3000 One-Way Audio Troubleshooting
VOS3000 Extended Firewall Configuration
SIP ALG Problems Troubleshooting Guide
VOS3000 Server Configuration Guide
VOS3000 Downloads
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if both endpoints don’t support session timer?
VOS3000 uses SS_SIP_NO_TIMER_REINVITE_INTERVAL to limit maximum call duration. This prevents zombie calls even when endpoints don’t support RFC 4028. Set this value based on your business needs (default is 7200 seconds / 2 hours).
Why are my calls dropping at exactly 30 seconds?
30-second call drops are typically caused by NAT binding timeouts, not session timer issues. Check if SIP ALG is enabled on your router (should be disabled), and verify NAT keep-alive is configured correctly with a period less than 30 seconds.
Should I use re-INVITE or UPDATE for session refresh?
VOS3000 automatically negotiates the refresh method based on endpoint capabilities. UPDATE is generally preferred as it doesn’t affect SDP negotiation. Both methods work for session timer purposes – VOS3000 handles this automatically.
What is a good SS_SIP_SESSION_TTL value?
The default of 600 seconds (10 minutes) works well for most scenarios. For mobile or unstable networks, consider reducing to 300 seconds (5 minutes) for faster detection of failed calls. For stable enterprise environments, 900 seconds (15 minutes) reduces overhead.
How do I know if NAT keep-alive is working?
Enable debug trace and look for periodic messages matching your SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_MESSAGE content (default “HELLO”). You should see these messages at intervals matching SS_SIP_NAT_KEEP_ALIVE_PERIOD.
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